Punitive damages are a unique aspect of civil litigation. Unlike compensatory damages, which reimburse the injured party for losses, punitive damages aim to punish the defendant and deter others from similar behavior. In Ohio, punitive damages are only awarded under specific circumstances, making it important to understand how they work.
What are punitive damages?
Punitive damages are monetary awards granted to plaintiffs in certain civil cases. These damages go beyond simply compensating for harm and are intended to punish the defendant for particularly egregious actions. The goal is not to make the plaintiff whole but to deter wrongful conduct and prevent future harm.
When can punitive damages be awarded in Ohio?
Ohio law does not allow punitive damages in every case. The defendant must have acted willfully, maliciously, or shown a complete disregard for others’ rights. Simply causing harm does not qualify—intentional or grossly reckless behavior must be proven. Punitive damages are more likely in cases involving fraud, assault, or intentional infliction of emotional distress.
The role of the court in awarding punitive damages
In Ohio, courts have discretion when it comes to awarding punitive damages. The judge will evaluate the nature of the defendant’s conduct, the amount of harm caused, and the defendant’s financial status. Ohio law also considers the ratio between punitive damages and compensatory damages. Courts often look for a balance to ensure the punitive award is not excessive or disproportionate.
Limitations on punitive damages in Ohio
Ohio places caps on punitive damages to prevent excessive punishment. In most cases, the punitive damages awarded cannot exceed twice the amount of the compensatory damages or $350,000, whichever is greater. However, there are exceptions for certain types of cases, such as those involving fraud or intentional torts.
Understanding the limits and criteria for punitive damages in Ohio is important if you’re involved in civil litigation. Though they are not common, they can significantly impact a case, especially when a defendant’s conduct is deemed to be egregious.
